The Polyvagal Theory

Evolutionary Perspective

• As mammals evolved from reptiles, our autonomic nervous system developed intricate mechanisms for survival.
• The vagus nerve, a crucial component, plays a central role in regulating our physiological responses

Three States of the Autonomic Nervous System

• Ventral Vagal State (Social Engagement): When we feel safe and connected, the ventral vagal state dominates.
• It enables social engagement, empathy, and positive interactions.
• Our facial muscles relax, allowing us to express emotions openly.
• Sympathetic State (Fight or Flight): In response to perceived threat, the sympathetic nervous system activates.
• We experience increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and heightened alertness.
• This state prepares us for action (fight or flight).
• Dorsal Vagal State (Shutdown): Extreme threat or overwhelm triggers the dorsal vagal state.
• It leads to immobilization, dissociation, and withdrawal.
• Our body conserves energy, and we may feel disconnected or numb.

• Our nervous system continuously assesses safety cues in our environment.
• Neuroception determines which state (ventral, sympathetic, or dorsal) we enter.
• Positive cues promote social engagement, while threat cues activate defense responses.

• Healthy relationships and social bonds promote co-regulation.
• Co-regulation involves syncing our nervous systems with others.
• Connection, safety, and trust foster well-being.